Management skills
MANAGEMENT SKILLS
A manager job is varied and complex. Manager needs certain skills to perform the duties and acclivities associated with being a manager.
During 1970s Robert L Katz research found that managers need three basic skills.
1) Technical skill
2) Human skill
3) Conceptual skill
SKILL NEEDED AT DIFFERENT MAANGEMENT LEVELS:
CONCEPTUAL SKILL
TOP MANAGEMENT
HUMAN SKILL
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
TECHNICAL SKILL
LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT
Using these skills managers must be able to see the organization as a whole understanding the relationship among various subunits and visualize how the organization fits into broader environment. These skills are very important at top level.
CONCEPTUAL SKILL
The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situation.
Conceptual skill relates to the top management only, because these are those people who are over all responsible for the failure and success of an organization.
It depends upon the top management how it controls the activities and makes long and short term plans for the successful operation?
1) if they want to establish a new unit forecasting regarding all aspects is necessary because resources of the organization should be utilized efficiently.
2) If they are going to introduce a new product in the market then ,
a) At which time you launch your product?
b) What will be price?
c) How to attract the people ?
d) What are other factor which will beneficial?
To think and decide regarding all that is the relationship of the top management. When top management thinks and makes decision regarding all these aspects then we will say that it is conceptual skill.
HUMAN SKILL
The ability to work well with other people individually in a group.
From the figure we can see that human skills are necessary for all type of management whether it is top, middle or lower level management.
Human skill is very necessary for every person whether he is the employee in the organization or not. Because manager face people within the organization. They should know that:
How to face them
How to communicate
How to lead
How to motivate
How to guide them in difficulties and how to encourage them at some sorrow occasion.
How to create trust and brotherhood among themselves. So that they work well with best interest of the organization.
TECHNICAL SKILL
Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field
We can also see in the figure there is a technical skill. Technical skill includes knowledge of and proficiency in
· Engineering
· Computer
· Finance and manufacturing
All front line managers should be skilled so that staff did not feel any problem.
DESIGN SKILL
Design skill is the ability to solve the problem in such a way that will beneficial for the organization .If manager merely see the problem and become problem watcher then they will perform the duty of design skill. Therefore manager must have valuable skill so that he will be able to solve the problem in light of realities they face.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
DECISION
“A choice from two or more alternatives”
DECISION MAKING
Decision making is a key element of management because managers continually face decision in
· Planning
· Organizing
· Leading
· Controlling that effect the organization and its performance
ACCORDING OT BOVEE:-
“The process of reorganization problem generating and weighing alternative coming to a decision, Taking action and assessing the result
S.P ROBBINS:-
“The set of eight steps at includes identifying a problem, selecting an alternative and evaluating the decision’s effectiveness”
EXPLANATION
To solve a problem, or any thing keeping in view best interest of organization. In short decision making solve more problems of organization and also help in creation best decision
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Problem
“A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affair “
CRITERIA
“Criteria that define what’s relevant in a decision”
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
The first step is determining the problem. Problem means a discrepancy between present and proposed state of affair/. The manager who is the head of the department has to make the decision. First of all he must determine and identifying the desire roots of problem that problem could be solved toughly.
Furthermore, problem identification is not simple or in signification. Before something can be characterized as problem, manager have to be aware of the problem be under pressure to take action and have resources needed to take action.
IDENTIFICATION OF DECISION MAKING CRETIRA
In decision criteria, manager have to define what is relevant to the problem in decision such as
· Price
· Reliability
· Product
· Product model
· Guarantee & Warranty
· After sale service
· Useful life
Modern technological changes and where manager do not identify a particular criteria, is treated as irrelevant
ALLOCATION WEIGHTS TO CRITERIA
The factors of a criterion are not of equal importance. Therefore, we have to give them weights keeping in view their importance.
While purchasing computer we allocate weight to previous decision criteria.
CRTERIA WEIGHTS
Reliability 10
Screen size 8
Warranty 5
Weight 5
Price 4
Screen type 3
We allocate any other number for weights but according to their importance in decision making. In this the highest weight is 10 point.
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES
In this step we develop a list of all alternatives that can solve our problem. In this step evaluation of alternatives is not made.
For example, the problem is we have to purchase perfume soap then various alternative soap like Lux, Breeze, and Palmolive. These are the list of just various alternatives.
ANALAYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
After identification of alternatives there should be analysis. While in analysis we kept in mind all weakness and strengths of the alternatives.
Analysis is done against the decision criteria so that decision could be in the best interest of organization.
SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE
During analysis we analyzed the alternatives against their respective weights. After this step we will be in a better position to identify and select the most appropriate alternative, which gas high scores and also more important and relevant according to the needs of the organization.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE
Decision may fail if the implementation of the alternative is not properly done. Because it is the time of putting the choice into action.
The selected alternative is implemented into action and effective planning, organizing, leading and controlling influence decisions.
EVALUATION OF DECISION EFFECTIVENESS
The best step in the decision making process is to check the results of decision which is made. To check whether, the decision is solved according to standard.
Where decision is not fulfill the requirements of problem, the again decision making process started and carry on until satisfied.
A manager job is varied and complex. Manager needs certain skills to perform the duties and acclivities associated with being a manager.
During 1970s Robert L Katz research found that managers need three basic skills.
1) Technical skill
2) Human skill
3) Conceptual skill
SKILL NEEDED AT DIFFERENT MAANGEMENT LEVELS:
CONCEPTUAL SKILL
TOP MANAGEMENT
HUMAN SKILL
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
TECHNICAL SKILL
LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT
Using these skills managers must be able to see the organization as a whole understanding the relationship among various subunits and visualize how the organization fits into broader environment. These skills are very important at top level.
CONCEPTUAL SKILL
The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situation.
Conceptual skill relates to the top management only, because these are those people who are over all responsible for the failure and success of an organization.
It depends upon the top management how it controls the activities and makes long and short term plans for the successful operation?
1) if they want to establish a new unit forecasting regarding all aspects is necessary because resources of the organization should be utilized efficiently.
2) If they are going to introduce a new product in the market then ,
a) At which time you launch your product?
b) What will be price?
c) How to attract the people ?
d) What are other factor which will beneficial?
To think and decide regarding all that is the relationship of the top management. When top management thinks and makes decision regarding all these aspects then we will say that it is conceptual skill.
HUMAN SKILL
The ability to work well with other people individually in a group.
From the figure we can see that human skills are necessary for all type of management whether it is top, middle or lower level management.
Human skill is very necessary for every person whether he is the employee in the organization or not. Because manager face people within the organization. They should know that:
How to face them
How to communicate
How to lead
How to motivate
How to guide them in difficulties and how to encourage them at some sorrow occasion.
How to create trust and brotherhood among themselves. So that they work well with best interest of the organization.
TECHNICAL SKILL
Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field
We can also see in the figure there is a technical skill. Technical skill includes knowledge of and proficiency in
· Engineering
· Computer
· Finance and manufacturing
All front line managers should be skilled so that staff did not feel any problem.
DESIGN SKILL
Design skill is the ability to solve the problem in such a way that will beneficial for the organization .If manager merely see the problem and become problem watcher then they will perform the duty of design skill. Therefore manager must have valuable skill so that he will be able to solve the problem in light of realities they face.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
DECISION
“A choice from two or more alternatives”
DECISION MAKING
Decision making is a key element of management because managers continually face decision in
· Planning
· Organizing
· Leading
· Controlling that effect the organization and its performance
ACCORDING OT BOVEE:-
“The process of reorganization problem generating and weighing alternative coming to a decision, Taking action and assessing the result
S.P ROBBINS:-
“The set of eight steps at includes identifying a problem, selecting an alternative and evaluating the decision’s effectiveness”
EXPLANATION
To solve a problem, or any thing keeping in view best interest of organization. In short decision making solve more problems of organization and also help in creation best decision
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Problem
“A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affair “
CRITERIA
“Criteria that define what’s relevant in a decision”
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
The first step is determining the problem. Problem means a discrepancy between present and proposed state of affair/. The manager who is the head of the department has to make the decision. First of all he must determine and identifying the desire roots of problem that problem could be solved toughly.
Furthermore, problem identification is not simple or in signification. Before something can be characterized as problem, manager have to be aware of the problem be under pressure to take action and have resources needed to take action.
IDENTIFICATION OF DECISION MAKING CRETIRA
In decision criteria, manager have to define what is relevant to the problem in decision such as
· Price
· Reliability
· Product
· Product model
· Guarantee & Warranty
· After sale service
· Useful life
Modern technological changes and where manager do not identify a particular criteria, is treated as irrelevant
ALLOCATION WEIGHTS TO CRITERIA
The factors of a criterion are not of equal importance. Therefore, we have to give them weights keeping in view their importance.
While purchasing computer we allocate weight to previous decision criteria.
CRTERIA WEIGHTS
Reliability 10
Screen size 8
Warranty 5
Weight 5
Price 4
Screen type 3
We allocate any other number for weights but according to their importance in decision making. In this the highest weight is 10 point.
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES
In this step we develop a list of all alternatives that can solve our problem. In this step evaluation of alternatives is not made.
For example, the problem is we have to purchase perfume soap then various alternative soap like Lux, Breeze, and Palmolive. These are the list of just various alternatives.
ANALAYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
After identification of alternatives there should be analysis. While in analysis we kept in mind all weakness and strengths of the alternatives.
Analysis is done against the decision criteria so that decision could be in the best interest of organization.
SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE
During analysis we analyzed the alternatives against their respective weights. After this step we will be in a better position to identify and select the most appropriate alternative, which gas high scores and also more important and relevant according to the needs of the organization.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE
Decision may fail if the implementation of the alternative is not properly done. Because it is the time of putting the choice into action.
The selected alternative is implemented into action and effective planning, organizing, leading and controlling influence decisions.
EVALUATION OF DECISION EFFECTIVENESS
The best step in the decision making process is to check the results of decision which is made. To check whether, the decision is solved according to standard.
Where decision is not fulfill the requirements of problem, the again decision making process started and carry on until satisfied.
posted by Tariq @ 9:38 AM
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